团队介绍：依托河北省无人系统智能测控信息技术重点实验室，中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所纪金伟高级工程师团队联合西安电子科技大学无线通信优势团队，在无线通信抗多径高效传输领域对先进算法和工程实现方法进行积极探索，围绕多输入多输出正交频分复用(Multiple Input and Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,MIMO-OFDM)技术体制，在低导频开销、高精度信道估计、低计算复杂度及高传输性能等方面开展研究。该成果主要针对支撑低空无人经济传输适用的MIMO-OFDM体制和传统体制信道估计性能较差、导频资源利用不充分的问题，提出了一种适用于低空多径环境的MIMO-OFDM信道估计新方法。该方法将常用于地理信息系统和基站位置优化的Voronoi算法应用于MIMO-OFDM系统信道估计中，充分挖掘信道时频特征。利用信道平滑特征和导频信道系数在子载波和符号维度间的关联，进一步提升了信道估计精度和传输性能。通过探索MIMO-OFDM高性能信道估计与传输方法，以推进关键技术攻关与工程化实践，对支撑低空经济发展具有一定实用价值。
一种适用于低空多径环境的 MIMO-OFDM 信道估计新方法
纪金伟1,高雷涛1,周云2,王佳璐3,任光亮3,齐佩汉3
(1.中国电子科技集团公司 第54研究所,河北 石家庄 050081;2.陆装驻石家庄地区第一军代室,河北 石家庄 050081;3.西安电子科技大学 通信工程学院,陕西 西安 710071)
摘要:针对低空经济通信中导频受限的多输入多输出正交频分复用(Multiple Input and Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,MIMO-OFDM)存在的信道估计精度低的问题，提出一种适用于低空多径环境的MIMO-OFDM信道估计新方法。在时频资源平面上，该方法利用信道平滑特征和导频信道系数在子载波和符号维度的关联，根据导频点生成初始的Voronoi图，然后基于插值数据点更新Voronoi图，并将两个Voronoi图叠加。更新Voronoi图中插值数据点所属的Voronoi小区域被初始Voronoi图划分为多块，根据每块面积计算权重，再将多个相邻导频处的信道估计值加权求和，从而得到对应插值数据点的信道估计值。仿真结果表明，与线性插值方法相比，所提方法使得信道估计归一化均方误差降低了50%，误比特率性能提升了1.6 dB。
关键词:低空经济；多输入多输出正交频分复用；信道估计；导频受限；Voronoi图
中图分类号:TN929.5;TN911.72 文献标志码:A
文章编号:2095-6533(2025)03-0011-09
A new channel estimation method for MIMO-OFDM in low-altitude economic communications
JI Jinwei1, GAO Leitao1, ZHOU Yun2, WANG Jialu3, REN Guangliang3, QI Peihan3
(1.The 54th Research Institute,China Electronics Technology Corporation,Shijiazhuang 050081,China;2.Shijiazhuang 1st Region Military Representative Office,PLA Army Equipment Department,Shijiazhuang 050081,China;3.School of Telecommunications Engineering,Xidian University,Xi’an 710071,China)
Abstract:For the problem of low channel estimation accuracy in pilot-limited multiple input and multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems in low-altitude economic communications,a new high-precision two-dimensional channel estimation method is proposed.This method makes full use of the channel smoothing characteristics and the time-frequency correlation of the pilot channel estimation value on the time-frequency resources.The original Voronoi diagram is generated by the pilot points.Then the data points to be interpolated are added to generate a new Voronoi diagram,and the two Voronoi diagrams are superimposed.The Voronoi cell of the data points to be interpolated in the new Voronoi diagram is divided into several parts by the original Voronoi diagram.The ratio of the area of each part to the total area of the Voronoi cell is the interpolation weight.The channel estimation values at several adjacent pilots are weighted and summed to obtain the channel estimation values of the data points to be interpolated.Simulation results show that compared with the linear interpolation method,the proposed method reduces the normalized mean square error of channel estimation by 50%,and improves the bit error rate performance by 1.6 dB.
Keywords:low-altitude economy;multiple input and multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing;channel estimation;limited pilot resources;Voronoi diagram
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(62101517)
作者简介：纪金伟（1986—），男，河北石家庄人，博士，中国电子科技集团公司第54研究所高级工程师，主要研究方向为无人机测控、无线信号传输等。E-mail:jjw86215@163.com
高雷涛（1991—），男，河北邢台人，博士，中国电子科技集团公司第54研究所高级工程师，主要研究方向为无人机测控、数据链技术等。E-mail:gaoleitao123@stu.xjtu.edu.cn
引文格式：纪金伟,高雷涛,周云,等.一种适用于低空多径环境的MIMO-OFDM信道估计新方法[J].西安邮电大学学报,2025,30(3):11-19.
JI J W,GAO L T,ZHOU Y,et al.A new channel estimation method for MIMO-OFDM in low-altitude economic communications[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,2025,30(3):11-19.